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Why does an atom’s shell specifically contain, 2, 8, 8, etcetera, electrons?
Answered by Jeremy Garrett, MA Physics “Take a circle, measure the outside (the circumference), then draw a straight line of that length. Now draw a wave that starts at one end [of the line] and finishes at the other [end] — be sure to draw a single full wave with one up (crest) and one down (trough). “Take this drawing (or make a new one) and have it follow the original circle rather than the straight line. You just made an “S-orbit” (or spherical orbit)! “Go around clockwise, then make a new wave going around counterclockwise. Now you’ve made a pair of electron orbits in the “S-orbit” form. You’ve now modeled hydrogen (if you only drew one) or helium if you drew both! “Do the same thing but this time make two full waves (up one octave) instead of only one full wave. The original s-orbit drawing looks like a circle that is offset from the original (kind of Bohr-ing, ha ha). The p-orbital forms the shape of a bowling pin. “To fill the space in your drawing, you can shift over and make 3 of the bowling-pin shapes. You can then go clockwise and counterclockwise with both; doing so gives you 6 more orbits. Ta da, 2 + 6 = 8. It’s that simple. “If you go up another octave you get the d-orbitals, and one more gives you the f-orbitals. “Wolfram Alpha is one of several sites that lets you draw these with a computer rather than having to do it by hand.” Sound like music? That’s why Quora electrifies me.
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Catholic. Bishop. Saint. Tradition tells us that he was born c. 50 and died c. 107/8. He was a disciple of St. John, the man at the crucifixion who became bishop of Antioch, Syria, and was succeeded by Ignatius, which means ardent, first man to use the word catholic. “It’s in your Nicene Creed.”
 Bishop Robert Mutsaerts of the Netherlands voiced his support for Bishop Strickland, recently evicted without Catholic due process from his Tyler, TX, diocese. Strickland gets the crown of white martyrdom. Mutsaerts likened him to St. John, the only apostle who stood at the foot of the cross. insidethevatican.com photo
To give you a sense of size, here are the facts. There are approximately 1.36 billion Catholics in the world. As of 2021, the Catholic Church in its entirety comprises 3,171 ecclesiastical jurisdictions, including over 652 archdioceses and 2,248 dioceses, as well as apostolic vicariates, exarchates, administrations, and prefectures, military ordinariates, personal ordinariates, etcetera. The Holy See (Vatican) is an independent country, acreage irrelevant. The population of China as of 2021 is approximately 1.41 billion. The population of the United States as of 2021 is approximately 332 million. I am a citizen of the United States, not the Holy See, but my allegiance is to both countries and no others. The Moon governs tides. The Thames (těmz) has two tides each day, as does San Francisco Bay. When the tide rises, the average high tide height at London Bridge (Tower Pier) is 6.5m, and muddy banks disappear.  The site dummies.com is right for me.
P Francis commands the faithful to stop complaining so much. Huh!
“You complained a lot a lot about Latin Mass goers. We brought up your modernism, which popes from 1846 to 1958 warred against, and all of them said the Latin Mass daily. “Your papal shoes are old and a bad fit.” When does a ‘B’ signify a ‘D’ in many classrooms?
Editorial from the Las Vegas Review-Journal … “The Report, by Gallup and Learning Heroes, revealed that 88% of parents believe their kids are performing at grade level. In reality, testing last year shows that just 36% of American fourth graders and 26% of eight graders are proficient in reading. Math numbers are similarly dismal.” … The article appeared in The Sacramento Bee on Nov. 20, 2023, and goes on to say that public schools are hiding the facts from parents. … “Consider the Clark County [Nevada] School District’s disastrous ‘minimum F’ policy, which allows unlimited test retakes and imposes a grading floor of 50% whether or not work is completed.” … grade inflation  Chopin frequently forgot his own melismatic inventions and would play them differently every time he performed. In singing, the term melisma refers to a passage of music that has a group of notes that are sung with just one syllable. This is the opposite of syllabic singing, which is singing one note per syllable. Sunny Hostin, co-host of The View, falsified Speaker Mike Johnson’s approach to monitoring pornography usage. Her correction: “I wanted to explain something a little further. I wanted to clarify that the monitoring app that Representative Johnson and his son use is to prevent porn viewing. They are accountability partners for each other in terms of porn.” Johnson is to be commended.
CHP - 1200 horsepower? I drive a lame Ford Fusion Hybrid, but it gets 40/41 mpg, which is great. The only foreign car I've ever owned was an air-cooled '72 Volkswagen.
Et in Latin means “and”. I had to look up the distinction with ut. It is complicated, so I will make this brief. Only in purpose clauses is ut translated as “so that”. In most of the other ut clauses, which, when combined, make up the majority, ut is translated as simply “that”. It sounds like foot or put.
Time to ask for help from the patron saints of France, Joan of Arc and the Immaculate Conception, and the patron saint of all the Americas, Our Lady of Guadalupe? Anthony Stine has revealed the next bishop to be cancelled by Francis: Dominique [Dominic in English] Marie Jean Rey (b. September 21, 1952), Bishop of Fréjus-Toulon in the province of Marseille. Two years ago, Francis suspended his right to ordain priests.
In August 2015, breaking with the policy of the Conference of French Bishops, he invited Marion Maréchal-Le Pen, a prominent National Front member of the French parliament, to participate on a panel of politicians in his diocese. three hours and 18 pieces of classical Catholic brought to you without interruption, Bach forgiven (I did an hour of radio announcing ab. 100 years ago.) Around six minutes, there's a crystal clear slide. I've never heard it before, or wasn't paying attention.
  The saint’s cloak opens to reveal roses. Painting from 1839; painter Karl von Blaas, 1815-1894; Hungarian Elizabeth, 1207-1231; her husband, Landgrave of Thuringia and Saxon Count palatine, St. Ludwig IV, 1200-1227.
Rucking is a form of exercise with roots in military training. Very simply, it’s walking a set distance while carrying a weight in a backpack. Rucking (also known as ruck marching) comes from the words “ruck sack,” which is a durable backpack meant for carrying equipment. Okay…um, simple walking or hiking seems to be plenty of exercise, especially on the day after Thanksgiving, to work off all that thankful tension.
The word “angelus” is Latin for angel. The Angelus consists of three Hail Marys with short Bible verses in between, called versicles, ending with a prayer. Why three times a day? It’s a way for Catholics to make reverent the morning, noon, and evening. Harpa Dei is a lay singing group of three sisters and a brother, and the man ringing the bells is a server at Mass.  You know the expression, “There are no atheists in a foxhole.” In the context of actual warfare, such a sudden change in belief has been called a foxhole conversion. When in a foxhole, you start praying and hoping anyone will lend a helping hand.
For all you Catholics sitting on the fence, the crackdown on the Latin Mass presents a barrier to all seven sacraments in the traditional form. Why would any of you want to quash the wishes of your brothers and sisters? In June 2021, the leader of the Dijon archdiocese evicted the FSSP.  Gloria TV had this to say when it happened (cartoon courtesy of Gloria):
“The archbishop has the brazenness to ‘thank’ the evicted Fraternity for its services of 23 years, adding that ‘the fact that the faithful are now entrusted to diocesan priests will only strengthen their communion with the diocesan Church.’ “Dijon went from 341 priests in 1950 to 115 priests in 2020. Last year there was one ordination to the priesthood. Minnerath implies that religious priests – of which there are 50 in the Dijon Archdiocese [France] – jeopardize ‘ecclesial unity.’” https://gloria.tv/post/zvpCBu3fT6dd2ji9zkjjVEVrG The bishop examines parish life, Mary and Joseph, bishop conferences, resistance, masculine virility, post-Vatican II ('62-'65), and Lefebvre.
I saw a new Camaro in the neighborhood today. Current MSRP starts at $75,395. The Hagerty mathematics division total is $130,345.
Are race cars faster than angels? Thomas Aquinas tells us that angels can travel instantaneously at the speed of thought. Further, he divides them into nine orders or choirs — from greatest to least: seraphim, cherubim, thrones, dominations, powers, virtues, principalities, archangels, and angels — and they can pass safely through barriers.
My student has written several contracts, as good as I could write. He is nine turning 10. This gets back to what Grant Cardone said, 11/15/2023. Alexander is becoming a jack of all trades. Homeschooling has freed him from the school system and the bullying that came when principal, teacher, and students discovered that he was gifted. Alexander’s other tutor and I are not trying to change him. We like him the way he is.
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