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Classical Latin was the formal, literary, and spoken language of the educated Roman elite, politicians, senators, and orators during the late Republic and early Empire. It was a refined standard, used for literature, public speeches, legal documents, and official correspondence (patrician), rather than the vernacular of the common people (plebian). Who Spoke or Used Classical Latin?
Key Characteristics
While the elites spoke Classical Latin, the majority of the population in the Roman Empire spoke "Vulgar Latin" (common speech) or regional languages, such as Greek. The Vulgate Bible is written in 4th-century vulgata (common/popular) Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I in AD 382 and completed by St. Jerome, it is called the versio vulgata, meaning the commonly used translation, designed to be accessible to the Western Roman Empire. If you watch The Passion of the Christ (2004), you will hear Pontius Pilate speaking Vulgar Latin, Christ Classical Latin. So? You're reading English. Steven Greer
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Following is a sampling of Hebrew Jewish first names that are linguistically interchangeable with, or similar to, European Catholic first names:
Avraham Abraham/Alan/Allen Ya'akov James/Jacob/Jacques Yochanan John/Jean/Juan Mattityahu Matthew Miriam Mary Yosef Joseph Saul Paul A Jew might be using what is in fact a Catholic name, and that could be deceptive. Following is an explanation: Both religions revere the Hebrew Bible, that is, the Old Testament, as the inspired word of God. Names like Abraham, Sarah, Jacob, Judah, Esther, Yosef, David, and Samuel are foundational in Judaism. The first disciples as they appeared in the Latin Vulgate Bible, the first Bible, are Saints Mary (Miriam), Joseph (Yosef), Peter (Shim'on/Simon), Paul (Saul), and John (Yochanan), names Our Lord replaced. The names of the canonically approved Latin Vulgate Bible, numeral one, ca. AD 400, were canonically approved in the first English translation, the Douay-Rheims, 1582 and 1609/1610, slightly modified by the Challoner. The Vulgate and the D-R are the only Bibles a Catholic with any common sense ought to be reading. The rest contain translation errors resulting in a watered-down, weakened religion that is antithetical to, and incompatible with, Catholicism. My summary is historical, and now, right now, both in a literal and linguistic reality, those inferior translations belong with the Hebrew Bible in the waste bin. If blessed, burn or bury. Istud vinum, bonum vinum, vinum generosum This wine, good wine, noble generous wine Istud vinum,
bonum vinum, vinum generosum, reddit virum curialem, probum, animosum Christum, accusative case (direct object), used with prepositions like ad (e.g., Ad Christum – to Christ) Roman poet PUBLICUS VERGILIUS MARO (Virgil), born shortly before Christ, was commissioned by Emperor Augustus to write the Aeneid. (punctuation added) The Latin epic poem in 12 books tells the story of the Trojan hero Aeneas and his journey to establish the foundations of Rome. A foundational work of Roman literature, the epic Virgil considered unfinished and asked for it to be burned upon his death. Wikipedia +4 Two emperors ruled during Christ's life on Earth: Caesars Augustus and Tiberias. Dearborn MI  Above is a map of Greco-Roman classical town names in the United States, past and present, from a study in the late 1960s before the gulf name was correctly changed. The greatest concentrations were in upstate New York, where the trend began, and the Midwest. W. Zelinsky/Open Editions Journals Generally, the trend coincided with the growth and expansion of classical education.
 Title: Apotheosis Author: Pinckney Marcius-Simons (1867–1909) Style: symbolism/phantasmagoric/classical elements Dimensions: 47 x 25-7/8 inches Medium: oil on canvas, signed Collection: private Date: by 1909  Title: Apotheosis of St Sebastian Artist: Sebastiano Ricci (1659–1734) Collection: Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg Depicted people: Saint Sebastian Dimensions: 25.9 in x 34.6 in Style: Baroque/Rococo Medium: oil on panel Genre: religious art Date: 1725 Sebastian (Latin: Sebastianus; c. AD 255 – c. 288) was an early saint and martyr, killed during the Diocletianic Persecution. He was initially tied to a post or tree and shot with arrows, though this did not kill him. He was healed by Irene of Rome and became a popular subject in 17th-century painting. In all versions of the story, shortly after his recovery he went to Diocletian to warn him about his sins, and as a result he was clubbed to death. Google AI Overview [I approve their summary.] Literal Meaning: Deification Literally, apotheosis refers to the elevation of a person to the rank of a god.
Figurative Meaning: The Pinnacle In modern English, the term is frequently used figuratively to describe reaching a highest point or perfect example.
deification 1600s
source: etymonline.com from Late Latin apotheosis "deification", of an emperor/royal person, from Greek apotheosis, from apotheoun (deify, make someone a god) from apo, meaning "change" + theos "god", from PIE root *dhes-, forming words for religious concepts 1/29/2026 ...To deal with the national emergency declared in this order, I determine that it is necessary and appropriate to establish a tariff system, as described below. Under this system, an additional ad valorem duty may be imposed on imports of goods that are products of a foreign country that directly or indirectly sells or otherwise provides any oil to Cuba. In my judgment, the tariff system, as described below, is necessary and appropriate to address the national emergency declared in this order... [color added] https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/01/addressing-threats-to-the-united-states-by-the-government-of-cuba/ Ad valorem is Latin for "toward the value or according to value". Force communists out of Cuba, ala Venezuela, or negotiate. Monroe Doctrine Middle America The Cubazuela Problem  12/14/2017
Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro (left) listens to then Cuban President Raul Castro during the thirteenth anniversary celebration of the founding of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas in Havana. (Photo by Desmond Boylan, Associated Press) The President of Cuba, Miguel Díaz-Canel, has held this position since 10/10/2019, and was re-elected for a second five-year term in April 2023. He also serves as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, making him the country's top leader. Cubans are allowed to vote but not to choose.
First, read what Chopin's friends said about him, including Liszt, in the Piano Category. Second, read what Google AI Overview had to say.
Chopin and Liszt were friends, but their relationship was a complex mix of intense camaraderie, mutual admiration, professional rivalry, and eventual drifting apart, characterized by both deep understanding and personal friction, particularly concerning performance styles and romantic entanglements. They were contemporaries, fellow piano virtuosos, and met in Paris in the 1830s, becoming significant figures in the Romantic music scene, though their differing personalities (Chopin's delicate style vs. Liszt's theatricality) eventually caused strain, notes WWTW and Interlude HK. (end of AI) However, Google AI fails to mention that both were devoutly Catholic. Chopin's body minus his heart rests in Church of the Madeleine, Paris, and Liszt is buried in a chapel-shaped tomb at the Stadtfriedhof (City Cemetery) in Bayreuth, Bavaria, Germany. While each had a complex romantic life, especially Liszt, both received the Last Sacraments. From everything I've read about him, and perhaps he realized this, my best guess is that Chopin's vocation was the single life. His music displays a great deal of resilience. Field, father of the Nocturne
Act of Homage
Composer: Philipp Heinrich Erlebach 1657-1714 Artist: Sebastiano Ricci 1659-1734 BaroqueXRococo Minor Basilica umbraculum 
Google AI Overview
Q. When did the umbraculum come into existence? A. The use of the umbraculum, a large silk parasol in the traditional papal colors of red and yellow, dates back to at least the 13th century. Originally a practical item used to provide shade for the pope during outdoor processions, the umbraculum eventually evolved into a powerful symbol of papal authority and the temporal power of the Papacy. Key moments in its existence include:
AI doesn't know that the umbraculum is still present in some Latin Mass churches, such as the FSSP Basilique Notre-Dame de Fribourg, Switzerland.
I learned a new word yesterday from the '62 Missal, Lasance Edition: contemn, a verb, to treat or regard with contempt, translated from the Latin despicere.
The Latin secundum is "according to". English words like "second" come directly from secundus, retaining the core meaning of "following" or "next in order". The word is found in the '62 Missal, Latin Vulgate/Douay-Rheims translation, but you missed that as a result of, or secundum, your own fault, as in earthquake, leading down into the clock-less Inferno. It's all related. Dante's Inferno 지옥 Our solar system is made up of a star—the Sun—eight planets, 146 moons, a bunch of comets, asteroids and space rocks, ice, and several dwarf planets, such as Pluto. The eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Mercury is closest to the Sun. Neptune is the farthest. 11/27/2025 The noun "perturbation" derives from the Latin perturbatio, meaning "confusion" or "disorder". It comes from the verb perturbare, which combines per ("through") and turbare ("to disturb"). The turbare root is linked to the noun turba, meaning "turmoil" or "crowd". I'm perturbed.
The Latin word canonicus is derived from the Greek word kanon, meaning "rule" or "measuring rod". In classical Latin, it was an adjective meaning "according to rule" or "regular", but in ecclesiastic Latin, it took on specific meanings: as an adjective, it relates to a church rule, and as a noun, it refers to a clergyman living by a specific rule, such as an ICKSP canon (priest), or a monk living under a monastery's rule.  Civil War
First USS Canonicus, single-turret monitor, not a submarine en:Commons:Category:1907 This image might not be in the public domain outside of the United States; this especially applies in the countries and areas that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works, such as Canada, Mainland China (not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany, Mexico, and Switzerland. E-learn a little Latin; otherwise, you cannot connect important events, or fully understand the classics, or be an informed voter. Qui tam is Latin for “who as well”, and it is the abbreviation for the phrase “qui tam pro domino rege quam pro se ipso in hac parte sequitur”, which translates to "who sues on behalf of the King as well as for himself". In a qui tam action (also called a whistleblower lawsuit), a private individual sues on behalf of the government to recover money that was obtained through fraud. He gets a share of the settlement.
5/16/2025 …"The civil settlement includes the resolution of claims brought under the qui tam or whistleblower provisions of the False Claims Act by Gary Tucker. Under those provisions, a private party can file an action on behalf of the United States and receive a portion of any recovery. The qui tam case is captioned United States ex rel. Tucker v. Catholic Health System, Inc., 20-cv-1482 (W.D.N.Y.). Mr. Tucker will receive a share of the settlement"... https://www.justice.gov/usao-wdny/pr/catholic-health-agrees-pay-nearly-33-million-resolve-alleged-false-claims-act Luna & Loeb Our IQ Will be Higher in the Future Avi Loeb 5 min read Aug 22, 2024 …"However, the good news is that the future could be better than the past. Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems such as Large Language Models (LLM) offer neural networks with a number of parameters that is increasing exponentially with time"... https://avi-loeb.medium.com/our-iq-will-be-higher-in-the-future-8f3a7455439e 30 kilometers = 18.6411 miles
Perihelion (Greek to Latin to English)
Species
The bread and wine in communion are referred to as "species". Specifically, there are two species: the consecrated bread (the Body of Christ) and the consecrated wine (the Blood of Christ). The term "species" refers to the outward, visible appearances of the bread and wine, even after they are consecrated to become the Body and Blood of Christ. Word origin: it comes from the Latin verb specere ("to look at or to see"). The English word "spy" shares this same root. Speculum Covered already in the great short story by H.P. Lovecraft ("The Outsider"), words that originate with the Latin speculum (“mirror”) include speculate, spectacles, spectrum, and specimen, all of which relate to seeing or observing. Other words are inspector, specter, suspect, perspective, and telescope, which also stem from the same root word specere, meaning “to look at” or “to observe”. Know your Latin, Catholics! Gradus Are there any other species beyond the human species? If you aren't at least wondering about that, what shall God give you, a pass or fail? Released 1/1/2021 France Latin Alleluia, Alleluia, De quacumque tribulatione clamaverint, ad me exaudiam eos, et ero prætector eorum semper. English Alleluia, Alleluia, In whatever tribulation they shall cry to me, and I will hear them, and be their protector always.  9/22/2012
photo, Abbey of Notre Dame de Fontgombault ordination of M. l'abbé Grégoire Villeminoz, FSSP https://www.fssp.fr/nous-decouvrir/liste-des-pretres/ Madrid, Spain 10/12/2025 Environmental activists from the group Futuro Vegetal threw red “biodegradable paint” on an 1892 painting of Christopher Columbus at Madrid’s Naval Museum. The group said that the act symbolized opposition to “centuries of oppression and genocide” tied to colonialism. Museum officials said that the artwork, Primero Tributo a Cristóbal Colón, by José Garnelo, was being restored. The two women involved were arrested and charged with a crime against heritage, according to El País. -New York Post Who is that man in a blue shirt, a collaborator? Christopher Columbus First Voyage 1492-1493 Second Voyage 1493-1496 Third Voyage 1498-1500 Fourth Voyage 1502-1504 First Voyage of a courageous man
This is an attack on Catholic art and the lame work of the devil. The thurible is real.
Columbus had a brother named Bartholomew who was sent to various courts in Europe to act as an ambassador for the planned voyage. Bartholomew was a skilled cartographer and sailor who played a key role in Christopher's expeditions. After his ambassadorship, Bartholomew continued to play a major role in his brother's career. He later joined Christopher in the Americas, where he was appointed governor (adelantado) of the colony on Hispaniola. Between 1496 and 1498, he founded the city of Santo Domingo, the modern-day capital of the Dominican Republic. Isabella, Eve III migration patterns written before 1494 The crucifix forms four right triangles on the vertical and horizontal axes and a kite shape. We cling by a string. Latin and English Grammar
In forma pauperis is a Latin legal term for "in the manner of a pauper", allowing a person with a low income to proceed in court without having to pay the usual fees associated with a lawsuit or appeal. To use this provision, an individual must file an application, typically with a signed affidavit, declaring that he can't afford the costs and believing that he is entitled to relief. Eligibility is based on factors like income, and the court has the discretion to grant or deny the request. I had to correct Google AI Overview (Gemini) on 1) establishing parallelism (declaring/believing), 2) fixing subject-verb agreement (changing they to he twice), and 3) adding that. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/verb-patterns-verb-that-clause Latin grammar is harder than English grammar because of its complex system of noun declensions and verb conjugations, whereas English relies on word order and has relatively simpler grammar. I had to fix Gemini's statement on that, too. Do Latin and English matter? Hell yes. ® Ancient Hymns – All copyrighted elements (for educational purposes only) There are AI art elements, and the most important are fire, smoke, and ash. What appliance produces that? An art school has one. ⏰ CHAPTERS 00:00 – SANCTI ARCHANGELI 03:20 – INVOCATIO MICHAELIS – Saint Michael the Archangel 08:27 – INVOCATIO GABRIELIS – The Messenger of God 15:32 – PROCESSIO MONASTICA – Procession of Faith 22:37 – INVOCATIO RAPHAELIS – The Healing Angel 28:32 – MISSA ARCANGELORUM – The Holy Mass of the Archangels (key parts) 34:39 – HYMNUS VICTORIAE – Song of Heavenly Triumph 39:34 – OFFICIUM CAELESTE – Celestial Office 43:04 – BENEDICTIONEM – Final Blessing 47:30 – FINIS ET SILENTIUM – Sacred Silence  I asked Google if it is easy to rhyme in Latin. Wow, did I get a variety of answers, some very condescending. Ignoring children and their love of rhyme is a bad habit. another Levens work assessing Catholics Mass of the Dead Music
Lingua Latina Art French title: La serpiente de metal English titles: The Metal Serpent, The Brazen Serpent, Moses and the Brazen Serpent Artist: Sébastien Bourdon (1616-1671) Collection: Museo del Prado, Spain Medium: oil on canvas Date: 1653-1654 Style: Baroque Introit Ps. 73, 20, 19, 23
Respice, Domine, in testamentum tuum, et animus pauperum tuorum ne derelinquas in finem: exsurge, Domine, et judica causam tuam: et ne obliviscaris voces quaerentium te, Ps. 73, 1. Ut quid, Deus, repulisti in finem: iratus est furor super oves pascuae tuae? Three translations only Ut quid why (twice) pauperum poor oves sheep Past  7/20/1922
photo from the newspaper Nogales Herald showing an American posse after capturing the Mexican bandits Manuel Martinez and Placidio Silvas (middle of back row) who killed or wounded five people, Ruby, Arizona, 1921/22 (ghost town) Friendly little gathering, isn't it? Present Okay, Google AI and all you naysayers who say Latin is uncommon, well, hear this: it isn't. Posse comitatus means the power of the county.  Google AI Overview
Q. Is the root of the English word travel the French word travail? A. Yes, the English word "travel" comes from the French word "travail". Both words share an ancient root in the Latin word trepalium [or tripalium], an instrument of torture, and initially carried similar meanings of "struggle" or "hard work". In the Middle Ages, travel was a difficult and arduous undertaking, which led to the development of the verb "travel" from the existing word "travail" to describe this laborious journey. Three words, travail, travel, and trip derive from this one Latin word, tripalium. If I complained to my parents, I got a silent tripalium. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TripaliumCropped.png In addition to...
the record kept by Seneca, Roman statesman and historian, of the reasons why Nero burned a large portion of Rome, and the letters of two Roman emperors, Antoninus Pius and Trajan, who corresponded with Pliny the Younger when he was in the Roman province of Bithynia-Pontus, and the tutelage of Stoic Emperor Marcus Aurelius by Junius Rusticus, Stoic and Urban Prefect of Rome, all of them non-Catholics... archaeologists have unearthed ancient Roman baths that were converted into a Catholic church. The structure dates from the second century by our calendar, not the Roman calendar, that is, 1/1/100 through 12/31/199. This is more evidence of Our Lord's existence. (I dispute some of the language in the article. Thus, content is slightly altered, but a link to archaeologymag.com is provided. Also, I quote with no quotation marks.) The Baths of the Tritons were part of a large estate which, before that, had social and hygienic functions typical of the elite architecture of the Roman Empire. The excavations revealed that the site took on a new religious role. At the center of this is the discovery of a marble-lined vasca (tub or pool), interpreted by archaeologists as an early baptistry for full-immersion baptism, a practice essential to early Christian initiation. The design of the baptistry reflects two phases of use. It was initially deeper to allow for full-body immersion, symbolizing the death of the old life for the neophyte and rebirth into the faith. Subsequently, the pool floor was raised, suggesting a shift toward a less physically demanding form of the rite. This liturgical modification reflects broader adaptations of the rite during Late Antiquity starting in the third century, that is, the next century. Archaeologists affirm that the size and construction of the vasca show that it was not a simple chapel but a formal baptistry church with burial rites. This is attested to by the presence of numerous burials near the pool. That there might have been a bishopric at the site, deep into the Roman countryside, is under serious consideration. Appia Antica Archaeological Park explains that this discovery sheds new light on the Christianization of Rome’s surrounding area. They note that the coexistence of Roman bath architecture with Christian liturgical elements suggests the complex and gradual transitional process from classical antiquity to Christian domination. By Dario Radley, May 12, 2025 https://archaeologymag.com/2025/05/roman-baths-transformed-into-christian-church/ Google AI Overview The root of the word “domination” is the Latin word dominus, meaning “master” or “lord”, which itself comes from the Proto-Indo-European root dem- , meaning “house” or “household”. Thus, the word core meaning relates to having authority or control, as a master of the house. Dominus vobiscum. The Lord be with you. English words that originated with vasca include vascular, vasectomy, vase, and vessel. The English word, vaccine, sometimes confused with vasca, originated with the Latin vaccinus ("pertaining to a cow") because the first vaccines were made from cowpox. |
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