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ROBERT E DUNN

contemn v condemn

12/8/2025

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I learned a new word yesterday from the '62 Missal, Lasance Edition: contemn, a verb, to treat or regard with contempt, translated from the Latin despicere.
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Robwords

12/5/2025

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​The Latin secundum is "according to". English words like "second" come directly from secundus, retaining the core meaning of "following" or "next in order". The word is found in the '62 Missal, Latin Vulgate/Douay-Rheims translation, but you missed that as a result of, or secundum, your own fault, as in earthquake, leading down into the clock-less Inferno. It's all related.


Dante's Inferno 지옥
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Planet 9 or black hole

11/29/2025

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Our solar system is made up of a star—the Sun—eight planets, 146 moons, a bunch of comets, asteroids and space rocks, ice, and several dwarf planets, such as Pluto. The eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Mercury is closest to the Sun. Neptune is the farthest.
​
11/27/2025
The noun "perturbation" derives from the Latin perturbatio, meaning "confusion" or "disorder". It comes from the verb perturbare, which combines per ("through") and turbare ("to disturb"). The turbare root is linked to the noun turba, meaning "turmoil" or "crowd". I'm perturbed.
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USS Canonicus

11/24/2025

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The Latin word canonicus is derived from the Greek word kanon, meaning "rule" or "measuring rod". In classical Latin, it was an adjective meaning "according to rule" or "regular", but in ecclesiastic Latin, it took on specific meanings: as an adjective, it relates to a church rule, and as a noun, it refers to a clergyman living by a specific rule, such as an ICKSP canon (priest), or a monk living under a monastery's rule.
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Civil War
First USS Canonicus: single-turret monitor, not a submarine
en:Commons:Category:1907
This image might not be in the public domain outside of the United States; this especially applies in the countries and areas that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works, such as Canada, Mainland China (not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany, Mexico, and Switzerland.
E-learn a little Latin; otherwise, you cannot connect important events or fully understand the classics or be an informed voter.
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Qui tam whistleblower

11/14/2025

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Qui tam is Latin for “who as well”, and it is the abbreviation for the phrase “qui tam pro domino rege quam pro se ipso in hac parte sequitur”, which translates to "who sues on behalf of the King as well as for himself". In a qui tam action (also called a whistleblower lawsuit), a private individual sues on behalf of the government to recover money that was obtained through fraud. He gets a share of the settlement.

5/16/2025

…"The civil settlement includes the resolution of claims brought under the qui tam or whistleblower provisions of the False Claims Act by Gary Tucker. Under those provisions, a private party can file an action on behalf of the United States and receive a portion of any recovery. The qui tam case is captioned United States ex rel. Tucker v. Catholic Health System, Inc., 20-cv-1482 (W.D.N.Y.). Mr. Tucker will receive a share of the settlement"...

https://www.justice.gov/usao-wdny/pr/catholic-health-agrees-pay-nearly-33-million-resolve-alleged-false-claims-act​​
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Loeb 11/7/2025

11/7/2025

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Luna & Loeb

​
​Our IQ Will be Higher in the Future Avi Loeb 5 min read Aug 22, 2024
…"However, the good news is that the future could be better than the past. Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems such as Large Language Models (LLM) offer neural networks with a number of parameters that is increasing exponentially with time"...

https://avi-loeb.medium.com/our-iq-will-be-higher-in-the-future-8f3a7455439e
30 kilometers = ​18.6411 miles
​
Perihelion (Greek to Latin to English)
  • Peri-: from the Greek word peri, meaning "around" or "near"
  • Helios: from the Greek word helios, meaning "Sun"
  • Modern Latin and English: The term was first Latinized as perihelium by Kepler in 1596 and later adopted into English in the 1680s as "perihelion".
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species

10/28/2025

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Species
The bread and wine in communion are referred to as "species". Specifically, there are two species: the consecrated bread (the Body of Christ) and the consecrated wine (the Blood of Christ). The term "species" refers to the outward, visible appearances of the bread and wine, even after they are consecrated to become the Body and Blood of Christ. Word origin: it comes from the Latin verb specere ("to look at or to see"). The English word "spy" shares this same root.

Speculum
Covered already in the great short story by H.P. Lovecraft ("The Outsider"), words that originate with the Latin speculum (“mirror”) include speculate, spectacles, spectrum, and specimen, all of which relate to seeing or observing. Other words are inspector, specter, suspect, perspective, and telescope, which also stem from the same root word specere, meaning “to look at” or “to observe”. Know your Latin, Catholics!

Gradus
Are there any other species beyond the human species? If you aren't at least wondering about that, what shall God give you, a pass or fail?
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Fontgombault 2021

10/22/2025

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Released 1/1/2021 France
Latin Alleluia, Alleluia, De quacumque tribulatione clamaverint, ad me exaudiam eos, et ero prætector eorum semper.
English Alleluia, Alleluia, In whatever tribulation they shall cry to me, and I will hear them, and be their protector always.
Picture
9/22/2012
photo, Abbey of Notre Dame de Fontgombault
ordination 
of M. l'abbé Grégoire Villeminoz, FSSP

https://www.fssp.fr/nous-decouvrir/liste-des-pretres/​
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art vandalized

10/16/2025

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Madrid, Spain
10/12/2025
Environmental activists from the group Futuro Vegetal threw red “biodegradable paint” on an 1892 painting of Christopher Columbus at Madrid’s Naval Museum. The group said that the act symbolized opposition to “centuries of oppression and genocide” tied to colonialism. Museum officials said that the artwork, Primero Tributo a Cristóbal Colón, by José Garnelo, was being restored. The two women involved were arrested and charged with a crime against heritage, according to El País. -New York Post

Who is that man in a blue shirt, a collaborator?

​Christopher Columbus
First Voyage 1492-1493
Second Voyage 1493-1496
Third Voyage 1498-1500
Fourth Voyage 1502-1504

First Voyage of a courageous man
  • Outbound trip: He set sail from Spain on August 3, 1492, and made landfall in the Bahamas on October 12, 1492, a journey of roughly two months, nine days.
  • Return trip: He began his return voyage on January 16, 1493, and arrived back in Spain on March 4, 1493.
This is an attack on Catholic art and the lame work of the devil.
​

The thurible is real.
​
Columbus had a brother named Bartholomew who was sent to various courts in Europe to act as an ambassador for the planned voyage. Bartholomew was a skilled cartographer and sailor who played a key role in Christopher's expeditions. After his ambassadorship, Bartholomew continued to play a major role in his brother's career.

He later joined Christopher in the Americas, where he was appointed governor (adelantado) of the colony on Hispaniola. Between 1496 and 1498, he founded the city of Santo Domingo, the modern-day capital of the Dominican Republic.

Isabella, Eve III

​
​
migration patterns
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O sons and daughters

10/16/2025

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written before 1494
​The crucifix forms four right triangles on the vertical and horizontal axes and a kite shape. We cling by a string.
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In forma pauperis

10/15/2025

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Latin and English Grammar

In forma pauperis is a Latin legal term for "in the manner of a pauper", allowing a person with a low income to proceed in court without having to pay the usual fees associated with a lawsuit or appeal. To use this provision, an individual must file an application, typically with a signed affidavit, declaring that he can't afford the costs and believing that he is entitled to relief. Eligibility is based on factors like income, and the court has the discretion to grant or deny the request. I had to correct Google AI Overview (Gemini) on 1) establishing parallelism (declaring/believing), 2) fixing subject-verb agreement (changing they to he twice), and 3) adding that.

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/verb-patterns-verb-that-clause​
​

​
Latin grammar is harder than English grammar because of its complex system of noun declensions and verb conjugations, whereas English relies on word order and has relatively simpler grammar. I had to fix Gemini's statement on that, too. Do Latin and English matter? Hell yes.
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three archangels

10/6/2025

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® Ancient Hymns – All copyrighted elements (for educational purposes only)
There are AI art elements, and the most important are fire, smoke, and ash.
What appliance produces that? An art school has one.

​
⏰ CHAPTERS
00:00 – SANCTI ARCHANGELI
03:20 – INVOCATIO MICHAELIS – Saint Michael the Archangel

08:27 – INVOCATIO GABRIELIS – The Messenger of God
15:32 – PROCESSIO MONASTICA – Procession of Faith
22:37 – INVOCATIO RAPHAELIS – The Healing Angel
28:32 – MISSA ARCANGELORUM – The Holy Mass of the Archangels (key parts)
34:39 – HYMNUS VICTORIAE – Song of Heavenly Triumph
39:34 – OFFICIUM CAELESTE – Celestial Office
43:04 – BENEDICTIONEM – Final Blessing
47:30 – FINIS ET SILENTIUM – Sacred Silence
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​I asked Google if it is easy to rhyme in Latin. Wow, did I get a variety of answers, some very condescending. Ignoring children and their love of rhyme is a bad habit.
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Messe de morts

10/6/2025

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another Levens work assessing Catholics
Mass of the Dead
Music
Lingua Latina

​Art
​French title: La serpiente de metal
English titles: The Metal Serpent, The Brazen Serpent, Moses and the Brazen Serpent
Artist: Sébastien Bourdon (1616-1671)

Collection: Museo del Prado, Spain
Medium: oil on canvas

Date: 1653-1654
Style: Baroque
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13th Sunday

9/7/2025

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Introit Ps. 73, 20, 19, 23
Respice, Domine, in testamentum tuum, et animus pauperum tuorum ne derelinquas in finem: exsurge, Domine, et judica causam tuam: et ne obliviscaris voces quaerentium te,  Ps. 73, 1. Ut quid, Deus, repulisti in finem: iratus est furor super oves pascuae tuae?
Three translations only

Ut quid why (twice)
pauperum poor
oves sheep
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Posse comitatus

9/4/2025

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Past
Picture
photo from the newspaper Nogales Herald dated July 20, 1922, showing an American posse after capturing the Mexican bandits Manuel Martinez and Placidio Silvas (middle of back row) who killed or wounded five people, Ruby, Arizona, 1921/22 (ghost town)
Friendly little gathering, isn't it?

​Present
Okay, Google AI and all you naysayers who say Latin is uncommon, well, hear this: it isn't. Posse comitatus means the power of the county.
past, present, future

​Judge ye
Southwick/Carrillo Ramirez/AliKahn vs Andrew Oldham
​ACLU, DSA, PPA, SPLC vs FSSPX
women vs man
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travel and travail

9/4/2025

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Picture
Google AI Overview
Q. Is the root of the English word travel the French word travail?
A. Yes, the English word "travel" comes from the French word "travail". Both words share an ancient root in the Latin word trepalium [or tripalium], an instrument of torture, and initially carried similar meanings of "struggle" or "hard work". In the Middle Ages, travel was a difficult and arduous undertaking, which led to the development of the verb "travel" from the existing word "travail" to describe this laborious journey.

Three words, travail, travel, and trip derive from this one Latin word, tripalium. If I complained to my parents, I got a silent tripalium.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TripaliumCropped.png​

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more Church evidence

8/29/2025

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In addition to...

the record kept by Seneca, Roman statesman and historian, of the reasons why Nero burned a large portion of Rome, and the letters of two Roman emperors, Antoninus Pius and Trajan, who corresponded with Pliny the Younger when he was in the Roman province of Bithynia-Pontus, and the tutelage of Stoic Emperor Marcus Aurelius by Junius Rusticus, Stoic and Urban Prefect of Rome, all of them non-Catholics...

archaeologists have unearthed ancient Roman baths that were converted into a Catholic church. The structure dates from the second century by our calendar, not the Roman calendar, that is, 1/1/100 through 12/31/199. This is more evidence of Our Lord's existence.

(I dispute some of the language in the article. Thus, content is slightly altered, but a link to 
archaeologymag.com is provided. Also, I quote with no quotation marks.)

The Baths of the Tritons were part of a large estate which, before that, had social and hygienic functions typical of the elite architecture of the Roman Empire. The excavations revealed that the site took on a new religious role. At the center of this is the discovery of a marble-lined vasca (tub or pool), interpreted by archaeologists as an early baptistry for full-immersion baptism, a practice essential to early Christian initiation.

The design of the baptistry reflects two phases of use. It was initially deeper to allow for full-body immersion, symbolizing the death of the old life for the neophyte and rebirth into the faith. Subsequently, the pool floor was raised, suggesting a shift toward a less physically demanding form of the rite. This liturgical modification reflects broader adaptations of the rite during Late Antiquity starting in the third century, that is, the next century.

Archaeologists affirm that the size and construction of the vasca show that it was not a simple chapel but a formal baptistry church with burial rites. This is attested to by the presence of numerous burials near the pool. That there might have been a bishopric at the site, deep into the Roman countryside, is under serious consideration.

Appia Antica Archaeological Park explains that this discovery sheds new light on the Christianization of Rome’s surrounding area. They note that the coexistence of Roman bath architecture with Christian liturgical elements suggests the complex and gradual transitional process from classical antiquity to Christian domination.

By Dario Radley, May 12, 2025

https://archaeologymag.com/2025/05/roman-baths-transformed-into-christian-church/

Google AI Overview
The root of the word “domination” is the Latin word dominus, meaning “master” or “lord”, which itself comes from the Proto-Indo-European root dem- , meaning “house” or “household”. Thus, the word core meaning relates to having authority or control, as a master of the house.

Dominus vobiscum. The Lord be with you.

English words that originated with vasca include vascular, vasectomy, vase, and vessel. The English word, vaccine, sometimes confused with vasca, originated with the Latin vaccinus ("pertaining to a cow") because the first vaccines were made from cowpox.
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China bridge collapse

8/25/2025

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Casey Jones, professional geotechnical engineer, USA
Total length of GG B, not a railway bridge, including approaches from abutment to abutment, plus the distance to the Toll Plaza, is 9,150 feet (approximately 1.73 miles). From deck to water the distance is about 220 to 245 feet. Workers worked at night. On May 27, 1937, the bridge was opened to the public for the first time for “Pedestrian Day”, and the middle flattened because of the massive crowd.


The Latin root for bridge is pons (or its genitive form, pontem). 
  • English pons (anatomy): This part of the brainstem is named the "pons" because it "bridges" the connection between the cerebrum and cerebellum, similar to a physical bridge.
  • English pontoon: This term refers to a flat-bottomed boat, often used for military bridges, and derives from the Latin pontem.
  • Latin Pontifex: This word, which morphed into the title "Pope", originally meant "bridge-maker" or "path-maker", possibly in reference to the bridge over the Tiber River, or metaphorically bridging the gap between earthly and divine realms.

Golden Gate Bridge
An earthquake struck the bridge before it was even completed.
​
A safety net below the bridge saved 19 men during its construction.
Fiftieth-anniversary crowds made the bridge temporarily flatten.
It took 30 years to remove lead-based paint from the bridge.
The orange color was originally intended as a primer.
Fog horns blare in different tones.​
Picture
[The photo is reverse left.]
Credit: Galen Rowell Creative #: 534286634 License type: Royalty-free Collection: Corbis Documentary Max file size: 3112 x 2123 px (10.37 x 7.08 in) - 300 dpi - 6 MB Upload date: May 24, 2016 Release info: Model released Categories: Stock Photos Golden Gate Bridge​
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Dark Passage 1947 at Fort Point, still from Warner Bros., Humphrey Bogart
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Supreme Court

8/25/2025

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Picture
E PLURIBUS UNUM
Out of many, one
​
Originally, Latin letters were capital letters.
From that word, we got plural.
13 original colonies

13 berries, leaves
13 stars, arrows
​one bald eagle
symmetrical
like your body
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1492, 1493

8/18/2025

2 Comments

 
seven months, 10 days without confession or Mass


However, in the 15th century, carrying the Eucharist was a practical necessity for Catholic seafarers. Christopher Columbus was deeply religious, and his three ships, the Niña, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria, very likely carried Him as part of their standard provisions.


​Several Franciscans accompanied Columbus on his second voyage in 1493, becoming the first priests to bring the Catholic faith to the Americas. One of them, Friar Juan Perez, Queen Isabella's confessor and a key supporter of Columbus's ventures, blessed his fleet before the first voyage, and said the first Mass in the Americas.

Historically accurate? Columbus was not Isabella's paramour. Primary historical sources and scholarly accounts give the political/economic aspects of their relationship, not romantic entanglements - Smithsonian Associates.

And, yes, he had a child out of wedlock.

So, what?
2 Comments

Latin mater & pater

8/18/2025

1 Comment

 
There's a YT headline, The Latin Mass Is not about Latin.
I don't know how to grade a backward brain.
The gravity of language is recapped.
12 categories
Enjoy!


Classical Studies
  • Language and Literature: Latin is the foundation of Classical Studies, allowing scholars to directly engage with ancient Roman texts, history, and culture. Students learn grammar and vocabulary and read works by authors like Cicero, Caesar, Virgil, and Ovid.
  • History and Culture: Latin texts offer firsthand accounts of historical events and insights into Roman society, politics, beliefs, and daily life.
  • Archeology and Art History: Understanding Latin can aid in interpreting inscriptions and artifacts from ancient Roman and Greek civilizations.

​Science and medicine
  • Medical Terminology: Latin (along with Greek) forms the basis of a significant portion of medical terminology worldwide. Knowing Latin can make learning anatomical structures, diseases, and treatments easier, according to NIH.
  • Scientific Terminology: Latin remains important for biological taxonomy and has influenced terminology in various scientific fields like biology, chemistry, and physics, according to the Journal of Big History.
  • Binomial Nomenclature: The system of naming plants with two names (genus and species) was popularized by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century. This system is often referred to as Latin names because it uses Latin-based forms.
  • Astronomical Nomenclature: Many astronomical terms are derived from Latin, including the names of many constellations, rooted in Latin and Roman mythology.
  • Roman Astronomy: The Romans adopted much of their astronomical knowledge from the Greeks, integrating it into their calendar, timekeeping, navigation, and even philosophical and religious beliefs.
  • Medieval Astronomy: Latin became the language of scholarly works in Europe, including astronomical texts. Ptolemy's Almagest, a foundational astronomical work, was translated into Latin from Arabic, influencing later astronomers like Copernicus.
  • Scientific Revolution: Figures like Copernicus and Kepler, whose work revolutionized astronomy, often published their writings in Latin. Copernicus’s groundbreaking book, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), was written in Latin.
  • Notable Latin astronomical texts:
  1. Astronomica by Manilius, a didactic poem, written in the 1st century AD, discusses celestial phenomena, astrology, and the zodiac.
  2. Aratea: Based on an ancient Greek text by Aratus of Soloi, this work on celestial phenomena was translated into Latin by figures like Cicero and Germanicus.
  3. Almagesti minor: 12th-century Latin summary of Ptolemy's Almagest incorporates insights from Islamic astronomers, according to Amazon.com.

History of Science
Many foundational scientific works from late medieval and Renaissance Europe were written in Latin, and understanding the language allows direct engagement with these historical texts.

Mathematics
  • Latin vocabulary: Many mathematical terms, especially in advanced mathematics, are derived from Latin. For example, the word calculus itself is Latin for small pebble.
  • Notation: The Latin alphabet, along with the Greek alphabet, is widely used to represent mathematical variables, constants, and functions. For instance, x, y, and z are standard variables, and a, b, c are often used to represent constants.
  • Historical Context: The influence of Latin and Greek stems from the historical development of mathematics, particularly during the Renaissance when classical texts were revived and studied.
  • Universal Language: While the notation may have Latin origins, mathematics is generally considered a universal language, with symbols and concepts understood across different languages and cultures.

Law and government
  • Legal Terminology: Many legal terms and phrases, particularly in common-law and civil law systems, are derived from Latin and are still used today. Examples include habeas corpus, amicus curiae, and de facto.
  • History of Law and Government: Latin was the language of Roman law and government, influencing the development of legal and political systems in the Western world.

Music
Latin and Music in Early Modern Era:
  • Latin was the language of scholarship and liturgy in the early modern era, leading to its widespread use in musical compositions.
  • Many vocal works, including those for religious settings (liturgical) and those intended for secular settings like courts, were set to Latin texts.
  • These settings often celebrated important events or figures and were performed in various social contexts.
  • Even classical texts were occasionally set to music, sometimes with Neo-Latin additions, reflecting a connection between classical literature and musical expression. (Example: 1492 Conquest of Paradise, 1992 film)

Art
Latin in Art and Culture
  • Inscriptions: Latin inscriptions are a ubiquitous feature of Roman art and architecture, providing context, dedications, and historical information. 
  • Inspiration for Art: Latin literature, including the works of Virgil, Ovid, and others, served as inspiration for artists throughout history, particularly during the Renaissance and subsequent periods. 
  • Language of Scholarship: Latin was the language of scholarship and learning in Europe for centuries, influencing artistic theory, criticism, and the transmission of artistic knowledge. 
  • Roman Influence on Art: The spread of Roman culture through the empire brought Roman artistic styles and techniques to various regions, often incorporating Latin inscriptions and themes. 
  • Medieval and Renaissance Art: Latin inscriptions continued to appear in medieval and Renaissance art, sometimes posing challenges for interpretation due to the evolving nature of the language and artistic styles. 
  • Modern Art: Modern and contemporary artists have also engaged with Latin, sometimes using it to explore themes of language, power, and cultural heritage. 
Examples
  1. Roman Mosaics: Latin inscriptions often adorned Roman mosaics, adding a layer of meaning and cultural significance to these works. 
  2. Renaissance Paintings: Renaissance paintings frequently featured Latin inscriptions, sometimes quoting classical texts or celebrating religious or historical events. 
  3. Sculptures and Monuments: Latin inscriptions were commonly found on Roman sculptures, sarcophagi, and public monuments, providing information about the subject, artist, or patron. 

Literature
​Latin and literature are deeply intertwined, as Latin was the language of a vast body of written works, particularly during the Roman Republic and Empire, and continued to be a significant literary language for centuries afterward. This body of work, known as Latin literature, encompasses various genres, including poetry, drama, history, and philosophy, with authors like Virgil, Cicero, and Ovid being prominent figures.

1. The Rise of Latin Literature
  • Latin literature emerged from the Roman adaptation and development of Greek literary models, beginning around 240 BC with the performance of the first Latin stage play. 
  • It flourished for roughly six centuries, roughly from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Republic and Empire. 
  • Key periods within Latin literature include Early Latin, the Golden Age (often associated with the Augustan period), the Imperial period, and Late Antiquity. 
2. Key Authors and Works
  • Cicero: known for his oratory, philosophical treatises, and letters, significantly shaping the development of Latin prose style, according to Britannica Kids.
  • Virgil: celebrated for his epic poem, the Aeneid, which tells the story of Aeneas's journey and the founding of Rome.
  • Horace: famous for his odes, satires, and epistles, Horace explored themes of love, nature, and morality.
  • Ovid: studied for his mythological narratives in the Metamorphoses and his poetry on love and seduction.
  • Others: Livy, Seneca, Tacitus
3. Themes
Diverse themes explored in Latin literature include
  • The pastoral ideal: a longing for a simpler, agrarian life, often contrasted with the complexities of urban life and war.
  • The relationship between civilization and barbarism: a recurring theme, particularly in historical and epic works, exploring the perceived differences between Roman culture and that of other peoples.
  • The nature of power and leadership: explored in works dealing with political figures and events.
  • Love, loss, and the human condition: explored in poetry and philosophical writings.​

Humanities
  • Philosophy and Theology: Latin was historically the language of philosophy and theology in the Western world, especially in the Catholic Church, and the language of Aquinas, probably the greatest philosopher in world history, having incorporated Aristotle, tutored by Plato, tutored by Socrates.
  • Documents in the Roman Church: Documents are still issued in Latin. It is the official language of the Holy See and the Vatican City State and is used for certain official documents, liturgical texts, such as the Roman Missal, and canon law.
  • Some documents: Documents like the Catechism of the Catholic Church can be drafted and published initially in a modern language (like French in the case of the Catechism) and then translated into Latin, which is considered the authoritative version, according to Wikipedia.
  • Linguistics and Etymology: Latin is the root of the Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian) and is the source of well over 50% of English words. Studying Latin enhances understanding of these languages and English grammar. (I believe the truth is that Latin generated over 80% of English words.)
  • History: Beyond its role in Classical Studies, Latin is valuable for studying medieval and early modern European history and American history. (We have the largest Latin Mass contingent and will not be defeated.)

Aviation
  • Origin of Aviation: The word "aviation" itself is derived from the Latin word avis, meaning "bird". This connection highlights the inspiration early pioneers took from observing birds in flight.
  • Aviation Terminology: Several aviation-related words have Latin or French origins (French has strong Latin roots):
    1. Fuselage, derived from the French word fuselé, meaning "spindle-shaped", reflecting the streamlined shape of the aircraft body.
    2. Empennage, referring to the tail assembly of an aircraft and coming from the French word empenner, meaning "to feather the arrow", highlighting its role in stability, according to Britannica Kids.

Historical Dominance
  • Technological and Economic Advancement: Western nations, particularly in Europe, led the way in technological innovation and industrialization for centuries, giving them a significant advantage in earthly power.
  • Political Influence: Western political ideologies like democracy and capitalism have spread globally, becoming dominant in many regions.
  • Cultural Diffusion: Western culture, including arts, entertainment, and consumerism, has been widely adopted and adapted in other parts of the world, facilitated by advancements in communication and transportation.

School
Latin was taught throughout school systems of the Western world, including the mission countries of Asia, until the end of the 1950s.

🛡️ "Canes Belli - Legio Secunda Sabina" – Epic Latin March 🗡️ Step into the ancient world with "Canes Belli ", a powerful Latin military march honoring the legendary Legio Secunda Sabina. This original composition brings to life the discipline, honor, and courage of Rome’s warriors. Perfect for fans of epic music, historical reenactment, and classical Latin culture. Made using AI and different music and video mastering programs. Original lyrics! All Rights Reserved! You can share it but you must link this channel. Thank You!
​
History Through Sounds 
@HistoryThroughSounds-v7e
​CC for the English translation
Dogs of War
​
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comments from Latin teachers/students/choristers/seminarians/priests welcome
1 Comment

penitentiary

8/8/2025

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A prison is often called a penitentiary. What is the derivation? Latin. Penitential, or penance, to be sorry, to pay for what you've done, to do something to repay the debt.
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21 hospitals halted

7/28/2025

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United States
7/25/2025

Trump ended ​gender-affirming care services at 21 hospitals.

www.whitehouse.gov/articles/2025/07/president-trump-promised-to-end-child-sexual-mutilation-and-he-delivered/

Included is Kaiser Permanente.

Wikipedia summary
Kaiser Permanente is an American integrated managed care consortium headquartered in Oakland, CA. Founded in 1945 by industrialist Henry J. Kaiser and physician Sidney R. Garfield, the organization was initially established to provide medical services at Kaiser's shipyards, steel mills, and other facilities, before being opened to the general public.

Kaiser Permanente operates as a consortium comprising three distinct but interdependent entities: 1) the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan (KFHP) and its regional subsidiaries, 2) Kaiser Foundation Hospitals, and the 3) regional Permanente Medical Groups. Kaiser is in eight states, California, Colorado, Georgia, Hawaii, Maryland, Oregon, Virginia, and Washington, as well as the District of Columbia, and is the largest managed care organization in the US.

Consortium
The word "consortium" originates from the Latin word consors, meaning partner or sharing in property. The word itself is derived from con- (together) and sors (fate), suggesting a shared destiny or purpose. A consortium is a partnership or association where members pool resources to achieve a common goal.​
Picture
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:One_Kaiser_Plaza.jpg
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richest churches

7/19/2025

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United States
​
4) Church of Scientology $2.0 billion
HQ Gold Base, Riverside CTY, CA
founded 1954

3) Trinity Church (Episcopal) $6.0 billion
HQ New York City, NY
founded 1697

2) Seventh-day Adventist Church $15.6 billion
HQ Silver Springs, MD
founded 1863
​

1) Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints $293.0 billion
HQ Salt Lake City, UT
​founded 1830

Notes
1) Catholic Church not founded here
2) wealth incalculable, debt growing
3) calendar began again at His birth


Latin words

1) Roman Romanus
2) Catholic catholica
3) founded fundare
4) united unitum
5) states status
6) lord dominus
7) church ecclesia
8) calendar calendarium
9) began incipio, as in the noun inception
10) again iterum, as in reiterate
11) birth nativitas as in novice
12) wealth pecunia, as in pecuniary
13) i
ncalculable inaestimabilis
14) debt debitum
15) growing crescente, as in crescendo


​from the court of QM I
died AD 30s Jerusalem, outside the walls, like Paul Outside the Walls
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wolf in Latin

7/1/2025

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The little man has one advantage: he hears Mandarin.
​Alexander wrote, "Versipellis est lapidea." The wolf is made of stone.
His amanuensis wrote, "Versipellis cōnspexit." I caught sight of the wolf.
Versipellis means shape-shifter, double-dealer, and figuratively it means sly, cunning, crafty, which emphasizes the importance of translators and interpreters, who go through rigorous training.
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