what is Ph?

One sees pH on product labels. It stands for potential hydrogen and describes the acid-alkaline ratio of substances. Remember that ratio is something to something.
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diagram courtesy of expii.com

​Two words in the diagram explained:

logarithm (connotation outside math, baroque)
How does one find the log of a number? The logarithm of a number is the power to which 10 must be raised to equal that number. Some examples are

• 10 squared = 100, therefore log10 of 100 = 2
• 10 cubed = 1000, therefore log10 of 1000 = 3

aqueous (connotation outside science, baroque)
Aqueous is an adjective meaning “of or containing water.”