accessory

There are nine ways of being an accessory to another's sin: 1. By counsel. 2. By command. 3. By consent. 4. By provocation. 5. By praise or flattery. 6. By concealment. 7. By partaking. 8. By silence. 9. By defense of the ill done. -The New Roman Missal, Father Lasance, First Edition New York, Feb. 16, 1937, Second Edition New York, August 1, 1945, p 1795.

Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903) wrote an encyclical stating that all are governed by the law of the Church to whom Christ gave authority.