The painting is better than a photograph because it idealizes the subjects. At the same time, the painting is realistic in every detail. He had to work from his imagination and very likely from what other painters had done before, which required careful study.
The picture shown is named “Louis XIV receiving Prince de Condé at château de Versailles”. The artist was Jean-Léon Gérome, and the painting was finished in 1878, long, long after Louis XIV.
Gérome belonged to the category of the official painters of the French Third Republic like Rochegrosse, who were called ‘Peintres Pompiers’ for specializing in historical representations.
In 1846 he entered the prestigious Prix de Rome, Prize of Rome, but failed in the final stage because his figure drawing was inadequate, yet he went on to become one of the world’s most famous living artists.